A statistical insight to penalty shoot-outs in the FIFA World Cup tournaments

Oliver Robert Barnes, Kan-Thai Ling

Abstract


Penalty shoot-outs are used to decide the outcome of some very important football matches in the past and present. Throughout the paper, statistics will be analysed from previous World Cup penalty shoot-outs and it will be determined if penalties are taken at random, or if a strategy can be implemented to statistically increase a team’s chance of winning a penalty shoot-out. This paper will investigate and attempt to justify implementing a definitive strategy.

 


 


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References


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